Pulmonic consonants
| Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manner ↓ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal/epiglottal | Glottal | ||||||||||||||
| Nasal | m̥ | m | ɱ | n̼ | n̥ | n | ɳ̊ | ɳ | ɲ̊ | ɲ | ŋ̊ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | p̪ | b̪ | t̼ | d̼ | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʡ | ʔ | ||||||||
| Sibilant fricative | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ̼ | ð̼ | θ | ð | θ̠ | ð̠ | ɹ̠̊˔ | ɹ̠˔ | ɻ˔ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ | |||
| Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | ʔ̞ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tap/flap | ⱱ̟ | ⱱ | ɾ̼ | ɾ̥ | ɾ | ɽ̊ | ɽ | ɢ̆ | ʡ̆ | |||||||||||||||||
| Trill | ʙ̥ | ʙ | r̥ | r | ɽ̊r̥ | ɽr | ʀ̥ | ʀ | ʜ | ʢ | ||||||||||||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɬ | ɮ | ɭ̊˔ | ɭ˔ | ʎ̝̊ | ʎ̝ | ʟ̝̊ | ʟ̝ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | ʟ̠ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral tap/flap | ɺ̥ | ɺ | ɭ̥̆ | ɭ̆ | ʎ̆ | ʟ̆ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-pulmonic consonants
| BL | LD | D | A | PA | RF | P | V | U | EG | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ejective | Stop | pʼ | tʼ | ʈʼ | cʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ʡʼ | |||
| Fricative | ɸʼ | fʼ | θʼ | sʼ | ʃʼ | ʂʼ | ɕʼ | xʼ | χʼ | ||
| Lateral fricative | ɬʼ | ||||||||||
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) |
Tenuis | kʘ qʘ |
kǀ qǀ |
kǃ qǃ |
kǂ qǂ |
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| Voiced | ɡʘ ɢʘ |
ɡǀ ɢǀ |
ɡǃ ɢǃ |
ɡǂ ɢǂ |
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| Nasal | ŋʘ ɴʘ |
ŋǀ ɴǀ |
ŋǃ ɴǃ |
ŋǂ ɴǂ |
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| Tenuis lateral | kǁ qǁ |
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| Voiced lateral | ɡǁ ɢǁ |
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| Nasal lateral | ŋǁ ɴǁ |
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| Implosive | Voiced | ɓ | ɗ | ᶑ | ʄ | ɠ | ʛ | ||||
| Voiceless | ɓ̥ | ɗ̥ | ᶑ̊ | ʄ̊ | ɠ̊ | ʛ̥ | |||||
Vowels
Diacritic
| Syllabicity diacritics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ◌̩ | ɹ̩ n̩ | Syllabic | ◌̯ | ɪ̯ ʊ̯ | Non-syllabic |
| ◌̍ | ɻ̍ ŋ̍ | ◌̑ | y̑ | ||
| Consonant-release diacritics | |||||
| ◌ʰ | tʰ | Aspirated[a] | ◌̚ | p̚ | No audible release |
| ◌ⁿ | dⁿ | Nasal release | ◌ˡ | dˡ | Lateral release |
| ◌ᶿ | tᶿ | Voiceless dental fricative release | ◌ˣ | tˣ | Voiceless velar fricative release |
| ◌ᵊ | dᵊ | Mid central vowel release | |||
| Phonation diacritics | |||||
| ◌̥ | n̥ d̥ | Voiceless | ◌̬ | s̬ t̬ | Voiced |
| ◌̊ | ɻ̊ ŋ̊ | ||||
| ◌̤ | b̤ a̤ | Breathy voiced[a] | ◌̰ | b̰ a̰ | Creaky voiced |
| Articulation diacritics | |||||
| ◌̪ | t̪ d̪ | Dental | ◌̼ | t̼ d̼ | Linguolabial |
| ◌͆ | ɮ͆ | ||||
| ◌̺ | t̺ d̺ | Apical | ◌̻ | t̻ d̻ | Laminal |
| ◌̟ | u̟ t̟ | Advanced | ◌̠ | i̠ t̠ | Retracted |
| ◌˖ | ɡ˖ | ◌˗ | y˗ ŋ˗ | ||
| ◌̈ | ë ä | Centralized | ◌̽ | e̽ ɯ̽ | Mid-centralized |
| ◌̝ | e̝ r̝ | Raised | ◌̞ | e̞ β̞ | Lowered |
| ◌˔ | ɭ˔ | ◌˕ | y˕ ɣ˕ | ||
| Co-articulation diacritics | |||||
| ◌̹ | ɔ̹ x̹ | More rounded (over-rounding) |
◌̜ | ɔ̜ xʷ̜ | Less rounded (under-rounding)[l] |
| ◌͗ | y͗ χ͗ | ◌͑ | y͑ χ͑ʷ | ||
| ◌ʷ | tʷ dʷ | Labialized | ◌ʲ | tʲ dʲ | Palatalized |
| ◌ˠ | tˠ dˠ | Velarized | ◌̴ | ɫ ᵶ | Velarized or pharyngealized |
| ◌ˤ | tˤ aˤ | Pharyngealized | |||
| ◌̘ | e̘ o̘ | Advanced tongue root | ◌̙ | e̙ o̙ | Retracted tongue root |
| ◌̃ | ẽ z̃ | Nasalized | ◌˞ | ɚ ɝ | Rhoticity |